A geophysical prospecting method based on the difference in the magnetic properties of rocks. Magnetic prospecting is used in all stages of geological studies and includes measurements of the intensity of the geomagnetic field or its elements, compilation of magnetic charts, and geological interpretation of the results of measurements based on determinations of the magnetic characteristics of the rocks.Magnetic prospecting studies the magnetic anomalies produced by geological bodies that have been magnetized by present-day (induced magnetization) and ancient (residual magnetization) geomagnetic fields. The magnetization of rocks is determined by the presence of ferromagnetic minerals (magnetite, pyrrhotite). Especially intensive magnetic anomalies are produced by igneous rocks of basic and ultrabasic composition, magnetitic iron ores, and other rocks. Measurements in magnetic prospecting are made on the ground, from airplanes or helicopters (aeromagnetic surveying), from moving ships (hydro-magnetic surveying or marine magnetic prospecting), in underground workings (underground magnetic prospecting), and in drill holes (well magnetic prospecting).

Various magnetometers are used for measurements. The relative values (spatial increments) of the vertical component of the geomagnetic field intensity ΔZ (ground surveys) are measured most often, and the values of the horizontal component ΔH are measured less frequently. In aeromagnetic and hydromagnetic surveying the vectoral modulus of the total intensity of the geomagnetic field Tor its increment ΔT is measured. In magnetic prospecting magnetic variations must be taken into account. Ground surveys generally are conducted on the basis of rectilinear profiles, the ratio of distances between profiles and observation points ranging from 10:1 to 1:1. In aeromagnetic and hydromagnetic surveying the measurements are made continuously or at discrete intervals along a network of rectilinear or curvilinear (in mountainous terrain) profiles.The depth and disposition of magnetized bodies in the earth’s crust that serve as sources of the anomalous magnetic field are determined through magnetic prospecting data. Magnetic prospecting is used independently and in conjunction with other geophysical and geological methods to study the regional deep structure of the earth’s crust, including determination of the depth of occurrence of the basement complex (in prospecting for oil and gas).

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