Detailed Super Outbreak tornado path and intensity analysis, hand drawn by Dr. Theodore Fujita of University of Chicago.

Nashville, Tenn. (WKRN) — The 1974 “Super Outbreak” is considered one of the worst tornado outbreaks to ever affect the United States. At least 148 tornadoes struck 13 states from the Gulf states. The tornadoes set records that continued unbroken for 37 years, until April 27, 2011. Meteorologists developed advanced storm tracking tools from studying the 1974 outbreak of storms.

(click for high-res version) 335 deaths and more than 6000 injuries.Some of the strongest tornadoes from this outbreak occurred right here in the Ohio Valley. Dozens of tornadoes struck Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky, resulting in 159 deaths, over 4000 injuries, and hundreds of millions of dollars in property damage. Two violent F5 tornadoes destroyed much of Xenia and Sayler Park (a western suburb of Cincinnati) in Ohio. Resulting in 34 deaths, the Xenia tornado was the deadliest of all tornadoes from this outbreak and remains among the top 10 costliest U.S.

Tornadoes on record (approximately $250 million in 1974). Several other strong F2 to F4 tornadoes also touched down during the Super Outbreak across southeast Indiana, northern Kentucky, and southwest Ohio, an area that today encompasses NWS Wilmington, Ohio's warning area.National Weather Service office boundaries and technology were quite different back in 1974.

The Weather Service Office (WSO) in Cincinnati served the greater Cincinnati Tri-State area while WSO Dayton was responsible for the Miami Valley and west-central Ohio. In those days, not every NWS office was equipped with a radar. A WSR-57 (Weather Surveillance Radar - 1957) was installed at WSO Cincinnati in 1960, giving NWS meteorologists coarse reflectivity data but no velocity data, which made it extremely difficult to detect tornadoes. Storms on the radar screen were traced onto thin paper maps, and meteorologists heavily relied on the manifestation of hook echoes as well as spotter reports when issuing tornado warnings.

WSO Dayton did not have a radar of its own but utilized a facsimile machine tied into Cincinnati's WSR-57 (also known by its identifier, CVG) display.When the CVG radar displayed hook echoes and other impressive storm features outside WSO Cincinnati's warning area on April 3, meteorologists there made calls to the appropriate neighboring offices. At one point, the CVG radar screen displayed five distinct hook echoes-more than. A massive F5 tornado bears down on Xenia. Photo taken from the Greene Memorial Hospital by Fred Stewart. Meteorologists there had ever seen before. Shortly after 4:30 PM, a call was made by WSO Cincinnati to WSO Dayton to ensure they had seen the hook echoes, of which one was quickly approching Xenia. In fact, the National Weather Service in Dayton had already issued a tornado warning for Montgomery and Greene counties around 4:10 PM (in effect until 5:00 PM), based on radar indication of a possible tornado 25 miles northeast of Cincinnati moving northeastward.

The tornado touched down about 4:33 PM near Lower Bellbrook Road, flattened much of the Windsor Park and Arrowhead subdivisions minutes later, and then roared into central Xenia around 4:40 PM. In the following months, careful analysis of all the damage led Dr. Fujita and other experts to determine that the Xenia tornado was in fact the worst of all the 148 Super Outbreak tornadoes.About an hour after the Xenia tornado, another violent F5 tornado took aim at the western suburbs of Cincinnati.

The only tri-state twister of the Super Outbreak, this tornado originated near Rising Sun in Indiana around 5:30 PM, passed through Kentucky, and then crossed the Ohio River. A view of the Sayler Park tornado as it moved through the Bridgetown area. Photo taken by Frank Altenau.

To inflict severe damage in Sayler Park and other neighborhoods west of Cincinnati. This tornado was witnessed by many, including by those at the Greater Cincinnati International Airport and WSO Cincinnati, which had issued a tornado warning at 4:45 PM (in effect until 5:45 PM). Then at 5:40 PM, the power went out at WSO Cincinnati, resulting in a loss of radar, teletype, and most means of communication. While the power was out for the next three hours, the NWS in Cincinnati had some backup radar imagery available from the Air Force and FAA and had the NWS in Cleveland issue warnings for them. Fortunately, most of the worst tornadoes had already occurred before the power went down, but the need for emergency power backup at National Weather Service offices was recognized following this event.In the aftermath of this horrific event, many lessons were learned that have since been applied by various government agencies to mitigate hazards in subsequent severe weather outbreaks.

Improvements in communications, warning systems, emergency preparedness, and forecast techniques and equipment have been implemented since the Super Outbreak, with the end result being increased lead times for warnings, more accurate forecasts of events, greater public awareness, and more reliable communications.

Contents.Synopsis 1974 was exceptionally above average with a record number of seven F5 tornadoes in one year. 366 deaths occurred and almost 7,000 injuries occurred. The worst tornado outbreak of the record-breaking year was the, which spawned all seven F5 tornadoes.Events Confirmed tornadoes byFUF0F1F2F3F4F5Total95297945January 24 tornadoes were reported in the U.S. In the month of January. February 23 tornadoes were reported in the U.S. In the month of February.

March 36 tornadoes were reported in the U.S. In the month of March.

April 267 tornadoes were reported in the U.S. In the month of April. April 1–2 FUF0F1F2F3F4F502810300. Main article:The 1974 Super Outbreak was one of the destructive tornado outbreaks ever known in United States history. Many notable tornadoes occurred, such as the which was an F5 tornado that killed 34 people and destroyed a large portion of the town.

The Xenia tornado was so strong and the damage so severe, that Dr. Fujita considered rating it an F-6, although the scale only went to F-5. He decided not to since some of the damage that would indicate that it could be the mythical F-6, might have been due to the structure not being as strong as it should in the first place.

One of the 30 violent tornadoes, and F4 striking, produced the longest damage path recorded during the 1974 Super Outbreak, on a southwest to northeast path that nearly crossed the entire state of Indiana. According to most records, this tornado formed near Otterbein in Benton County in west central Indiana to Noble County just northwest of Fort Wayne - a total distance of about 121 miles (195 km). Much of the town was destroyed including the courthouse, some churches and cemeteries, 40 businesses and numerous homes as well as three schools. It also heavily damaged the Penn Central bridge over the Tippecanoe River. Overall damage according to the NOAA was estimated at about US$250 million with US$100 million damage in Monticello alone. The Monticello tornado caused 18 deaths. One of the seven F5 tornadoes, the tornado, took a similar path of the tornado that struck Huntsville on April 1.

A large, F4 tornado struck, killing 3 people and demolished most of and affected the neighborhoods of,. The fast-moving nighttime tornado that devastated the town of, was the longest-duration F5 tornado recorded in the outbreak and considered to be one of the most violent ever recorded.

The Guin Tornado traveled over 100 miles (160 km) to just west of before lifting just after 10:30 pm CDT. It formed at around 8:50 pm CDT near the -Alabama border, striking the Monterey Trailer Park, resulting in major damage at that location. The tornado then became extremely violent as it approached and entered Guin, with multiple areas of F5 damage noted in and around town. The tornado first struck the Guin Mobile Home Plant as it entered the town, completely obliterating the structure.

Nothing was left of the plant but a pile of mangled steel beams. The town's downtown area was also heavily damaged, with many businesses and two churches completely destroyed. Residential areas in Guin suffered total devastation, with many homes swept completely away and scattered across fields. There were at least 148 tornadoes in the tornado outbreak and 318 fatalities, a record that was beat by the.April 18–21 FUF0F1F2F3F4F503188610A widespread tornado outbreak produced at least 36 tornadoes across the. A multiple-vortex F3 tornado touched down in, striking, killing 2 people.

159 miles per hour was calculated as a tornado destroyed 30 farms and then went on to rip apart 300 homes in. May 144 tornadoes were reported in the U.S. In the month of May. June 194 tornadoes were reported in the U.S. June 8 FUF0F1F2F3F4F501078920. Main article:A tornado outbreak produced 36 tornadoes, at least 19 of them significant or intense, and is the second-deadliest June tornado event in Oklahoma history, with 16 deaths reported in the state, second only to the 35 people killed by an tornado on June 12, 1942, in.

The deadliest tornado of the outbreak was a powerful F4 that struck the town of in Oklahoma, killing 14 people, 12 of whom were killed at Drumright. Another deadly and destructive F4 tornado struck the town of in, killing six more people. The outbreak also produced two F3 tornadoes in the that killed two people and, combined with, produced the costliest natural disaster in that city's history up to that time—a disaster worth $30,000,000 (1974 ). Additionally, the outbreak produced non-tornadic winds in the city which reached 100 knots (51 m/s) (115 miles per hour (185 km/h)) for several minutes. In addition to confirmed tornadoes, a possible tornado occurred at 8:15 p.m.

CST 5 mi (8.0 km) south of in Kansas, producing intermittent damage, but is not officially listed as a tornado. June 18–20 FUF0F1F2F3F4F43 tornadoes touched down in the and regions, killing 3 people and injuring 78. The strongest tornado of the outbreak was an F4 tornado that struck, killing 2 people and injuring 50. June 20 featured 22 tornadoes in, being one of the highest numbers for Illinois in a single day. July 59 tornadoes were reported in the U.S. August 107 tornadoes were reported in the U.S. September 25 tornadoes were reported in the U.S.

In September. October 45 tornadoes were reported in the U.S. November 13 tornadoes were reported in the U.S. December 8 tornadoes were reported in the U.S. See also.References. Tornado History Project. Retrieved 2015-12-23.

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Significant Tornadoes 1680-1991. Johnsbury, VT: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. Retrieved 2015-12-23. Jordan, Charles (March 29, 2014). NWS Huntsville, AL. Archived from (PDF) on March 3, 2016.

Retrieved October 21, 2014. The Tuscaloosa News. Tuscaloosa, Alabama. April 5, 1974. Retrieved December 23, 2015.

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Retrieved 2015-12-23. Tornado History Project. Retrieved 2015-12-23. OUN Webmaster (20 November 2013).: National Weather Service. Retrieved 23 December 2015. Grazulis, Significant Tornadoes, 408–20.

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Tornado History Project. Retrieved 2015-12-23.